Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files on a computer or entire network, then demands a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key. Attackers typically request cryptocurrency like Bitcoin to remain untraceable. Even after paying, there is no guarantee that the data will actually be restored.
Usually via phishing emails with malicious attachments or links, insecure remote access (RDP), or compromised software downloads.
The malware explores the network, searching for additional systems and valuable data – often undetected for days.
All discovered files (documents, images, databases) are locked with strong encryption. Without the attacker's key, they are completely unreadable.
A ransom note appears on screen – typically with a countdown timer and threats to destroy the key or publish the stolen data.
Encrypts files using AES/RSA. The most common and dangerous form – well-known examples: WannaCry, REvil, LockBit.
Locks the screen or the entire device without encrypting files. Generally easier to remove than crypto ransomware.
Data is not only encrypted but also stolen beforehand. Threat: data will be published if no ransom is paid.
Attackers rent ransomware infrastructure, similar to legitimate software subscriptions. Dramatically lowers the technical barrier for criminals.
Click «Start Attack» and watch how ransomware encrypts files one by one – then the ransom note appears.
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1. Regular backups: Follow the 3-2-1 rule – 3 copies, on 2 different media, 1 stored offline. Offline backups are protected from ransomware.
2. Keep software updated: Many ransomware attacks exploit known vulnerabilities. Apply updates promptly to close these gaps.
3. Email caution: Never open attachments or links from unknown sources. Ransomware is frequently distributed via phishing emails.
4. Network segmentation: Separate critical systems from the rest of the network to prevent ransomware from spreading.
5. Antivirus & EDR: Modern endpoint security solutions can detect ransomware behavior and stop it before serious damage occurs.
6. Never pay the ransom: Paying funds further attacks and does not guarantee data recovery.